In the Frappe Framework, data import is handled through the Data Import Tool, which allows users to upload data from CSV or Excel files into DocTypes. The process starts by selecting a target DocType, downloading a template with the required fields, and then uploading the filled file. During import, Frappe maps columns to DocType fields, validates data types, checks mandatory fields, permissions, and link references, and then creates or updates records accordingly. Any errors are logged with clear messages, making it easy to review and correct data before re-importing.